What It Is:
An upper respiratory infection (URI) in cats is basically a cat cold, an infection that affects the nose, throat, and sinuses. It’s usually caused by viruses, sometimes bacteria, and is highly contagious among cats.
While most URIs are mild and go away with supportive care, they can become serious in kittens, senior cats, or those with underlying health issues. Chronic infections can also develop in cats with weakened immune systems.
🐾 Common Symptoms
- Sneezing
- Runny nose (clear, yellow, or green discharge)
- Watery or goopy eyes
- Coughing or snorting
- Congestion or noisy breathing
- Loss of appetite
- Fever
- Lethargy
- Drooling (if ulcers are present)
- Squinting or swollen eyelids
- Dehydration (in more severe cases)
Most cats still try to act normal, but a congested nose or sore throat can make eating and grooming difficult.
🦠 Causes
URIs are usually viral, but secondary bacterial infections are common.
Main viral culprits:
- Feline herpesvirus (FHV-1) – causes feline viral rhinotracheitis; can become lifelong
- Feline calicivirus (FCV) – can also cause mouth ulcers and joint pain
Common bacterial culprits:
- Bordetella bronchiseptica
- Chlamydophila felis
- Mycoplasma spp.
Cats in shelters, multi-cat households, or stressful environments are at higher risk.
🔍 Diagnosis
Most URIs are diagnosed based on symptoms and history, especially in shelters or recently adopted cats.
Veterinary diagnosis may include:
- Physical exam (check for nasal and eye discharge, ulcers, fever)
- Fluorescein stain (to check for corneal ulcers)
- PCR testing (to identify the exact virus or bacteria, if needed)
- Chest X-rays (if pneumonia or severe illness is suspected)
- Bloodwork (to assess overall health or dehydration)
💊 Treatment
Most viral URIs resolve with supportive care in 7–14 days. But prompt treatment helps prevent complications, especially if a bacterial infection is present.
Supportive care may include:
- Appetite stimulants
- Hydration (subcutaneous fluids if needed)
- Warm, soft food
- Nasal saline drops or steam therapy (from a steamy bathroom)
- Wiping discharge gently with a warm, damp cloth
Medications may include:
- Antibiotics (for secondary bacterial infections)
- Antiviral medications (like famciclovir, if herpesvirus is involved)
- Eye ointments or drops
- Lysine supplements (usefulness is debated – ask your vet)
🩺 Prognosis
Most cats recover well, especially with home care. However, some cats (especially those with herpesvirus) may have recurrent flare-ups, especially during stress.
Kittens, senior cats, and immunocompromised cats may develop complications such as:
- Ulcers on the tongue or eyes
- Pneumonia
- Chronic nasal discharge
- Conjunctivitis or corneal scarring
💡 Cat Owner Note
Think of a URI as your cat’s version of a bad cold. But unlike you, your cat won’t blow their nose or ask for soup. They’ll just stop eating and look miserable. That’s your cue to help them feel better. Early TLC goes a long way.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions About URIs in Cats
Are URIs contagious to humans?
No. Feline URIs are not contagious to humans, but they are very contagious to other cats.
Can cats recover from a URI without antibiotics?
Yes, most viral URIs don’t need antibiotics unless a secondary bacterial infection develops.
How long do URI symptoms last?
Mild cases last 7–10 days. More severe or chronic infections can linger or return periodically.
Should I isolate my sick cat?
If you have multiple cats, yes. Keep the sick cat separated to prevent spreading the infection.
Can I prevent URIs?
You can reduce risk with vaccination (FVRCP), minimizing stress, and avoiding overcrowded or unsanitary conditions.
Why isn’t my cat eating?
Cats rely on their sense of smell to eat, so a stuffed-up nose often leads to appetite loss. Warming food or offering strong-smelling options can help.
Can a URI become serious?
Yes, especially in kittens or senior cats. If your cat isn’t eating, is lethargic, or has trouble breathing, contact your vet.