What It Is:
Metronidazole is a nitroimidazole class antibiotic and antiprotozoal used in cats to treat anaerobic bacterial infections and certain protozoal diseases. It works by disrupting DNA synthesis in susceptible organisms, leading to their death.
Metronidazole is available in tablet, capsule, and liquid forms, and is prescribed by a veterinarian for both short term and longer term therapy when needed.
🐾 What It Treats
Metronidazole is commonly used for:
- Giardia and other protozoal infections
- Anaerobic bacterial infections in the mouth and gastrointestinal tract
- Inflammatory bowel disease as part of medical management
- Periodontal infections and abscesses
- Clostridial diarrhea and other bacterial enteritides
- Post surgical or wound infections when anaerobes are suspected
It is often combined with other antibiotics for broad spectrum coverage.
🧪 How It Works
Metronidazole enters microbial cells and is reduced to active metabolites that bind DNA, preventing replication and leading to cell death. It is highly effective against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, but has no effect on aerobic organisms.
🐾 Dosage and Administration
Your vet will determine the exact dose and duration based on the condition:
- Typical dose ranges from 10 to 25 mg per kg once or twice daily
- Can be given with food to reduce stomach upset
- Complete the full course, even if symptoms improve early
- Liquid formulations should be shaken before use and measured precisely
Never use human metronidazole without veterinary instruction due to dosage and formulation differences.
🔍 Side Effects and Precautions
Metronidazole is generally well tolerated, but side effects may include:
- Nausea or vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Diarrhea
- Lethargy
- Neurological signs (ataxia, tremors, seizures) with high doses or prolonged use
- Bitter taste that may cause drooling
Use with caution in cats with:
- Liver disease (requires dose adjustment)
- Pregnant or nursing cats
- Seizure disorders
Do not combine with alcohol in any form, as it can cause severe reactions.
🩺 Prognosis
When used correctly:
- Most infections respond within three to five days
- Full recovery and resolution depend on infection severity and treatment duration
- Neurologic side effects are reversible once the drug is discontinued
Follow up examinations help ensure infection is resolved and monitor for adverse effects.
💡 Cat Owner Note
Metronidazole is a versatile medication that can handle everything from protozoal outbreaks to nasty anaerobic infections. It can taste bitter, so hiding it in food or using a compounded flavored liquid can help. Stick to your vet’s instructions, finish every dose, and watch your cat bounce back.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions About Metronidazole for Cats
Can metronidazole treat both bacteria and protozoa?
Yes. It specifically targets anaerobic bacteria and certain protozoa like Giardia.
How long does it take to work?
Improvement often begins within three to five days, though full treatment may last up to two weeks or more.
Is metronidazole safe for long term use?
Long term use can risk neurologic side effects and requires close veterinary monitoring.
Can I crush the tablet for my cat?
Yes. Tablets can be crushed and mixed with food, but avoid bitter taste by using a pill pocket or compounding flavor.
What if my cat vomits the dose?
Contact your vet. They may recommend giving with food or adjusting the dose.
Does metronidazole cause dry mouth or drooling?
Some cats drool due to the bitter taste. Compounded flavored liquid can help reduce this.