What It Is:
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus, or FIV, is a contagious virus that weakens a cat’s immune system, making it harder to fight off infections. It is often referred to as feline AIDS, although many cats with FIV live long and healthy lives with proper care.
FIV is similar to HIV in humans but is species specific. It is not contagious to people or other animals – only to other cats.
🐾 Common Symptoms
Many cats with FIV appear healthy for years. Over time, some may develop signs such as:
- Weight loss
- Recurrent fevers
- Poor coat condition
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Dental disease
- Gingivitis or stomatitis
- Diarrhea
- Upper respiratory infections
- Slow wound healing
- Chronic eye problems
These symptoms often come and go. Cats usually become more vulnerable to secondary infections as the disease progresses.
🦠 How It Spreads
FIV is primarily spread through bite wounds, making unneutered male outdoor cats the most at risk.
Other transmission facts:
- FIV is found in saliva and blood
- Deep bite wounds during fights are the most common method of transmission
- Casual contact such as grooming or shared bowls does not usually spread the virus
- It can be passed from mother to kittens, but this is rare
- Indoor cats are at very low risk
🔍 Diagnosis
FIV is diagnosed through blood tests that detect antibodies to the virus.
Common tests include:
- ELISA test done in the veterinary clinic
- Western blot or PCR test to confirm positive results
Kittens may test positive from their mother’s antibodies without being infected. Retesting is recommended after six months of age if results are positive in a young kitten.
💊 Treatment
There is no cure for FIV, but many cats live for years with the virus. Treatment focuses on preventing and managing secondary infections and maintaining a strong immune system.
Treatment may include:
- Prompt care for infections or wounds
- Regular dental cleanings
- Immune support through diet and supplements
- Antiviral medications in select cases
- Anti inflammatory treatment for chronic oral issues
- Stress reduction and indoor living
FIV positive cats should receive twice yearly wellness exams and close monitoring for any signs of illness.
🩺 Prognosis
With good care, FIV positive cats can live as long as uninfected cats. Many never show serious symptoms. The key is maintaining a safe environment, minimizing exposure to pathogens, and responding quickly to health concerns.
Cats with FIV should be kept indoors to avoid spreading the virus and to protect their immune system.
💡 Cat Owner Note
An FIV diagnosis is not a death sentence. Many cats with FIV live full, happy lives and never experience major illness. With a good diet, a low stress home, and regular vet visits, your FIV positive cat can thrive just like any other.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions About FIV
Can FIV be spread through grooming or shared bowls?
Unlikely. FIV is mainly transmitted through bite wounds. Casual contact rarely spreads the virus.
Is there a vaccine for FIV?
There was a vaccine, but it is no longer available in many places due to limited effectiveness and interference with testing. Keeping your cat indoors is the best prevention.
Can FIV positive cats live with FIV negative cats?
In some cases, yes. If there is no fighting and all cats are neutered, the risk of transmission is low. Discuss with your vet before making this decision.
Is FIV the same as FeLV?
No. Both are viral diseases, but FIV tends to progress more slowly. FeLV is more likely to cause cancer or severe illness in a shorter time.
Can humans catch FIV from cats?
No. FIV affects only cats. It cannot infect humans or other animals.
Should I adopt a cat with FIV?
Yes, as long as you can provide indoor care and regular veterinary support. FIV positive cats can make wonderful companions.