What It Is:
An ear infection, also called otitis, is a condition in which the ear canal becomes inflamed and infected, often due to bacteria, yeast, or underlying health problems. While less common in cats than in dogs, ear infections can cause significant discomfort and should be treated promptly.
Otitis can affect one or both ears and may involve the outer ear canal (otitis externa), the middle ear (otitis media), or the inner ear (otitis interna) in more severe cases.
🐾 Common Symptoms
Cats with an ear infection may show:
- Frequent scratching at the ears or head
- Head shaking or tilting
- Red, swollen, or warm ear canal
- Foul odor from the ears
- Yellow, brown, or black discharge
- Pain when touched around the ears
- Scabs or crusting around the ear flap
- Balance issues or walking in circles (in advanced cases)
- Hearing loss or disorientation if the inner ear is involved
Mild infections may be missed at first, but can progress if left untreated.
🦠 Causes and Risk Factors
Ear infections often result from underlying issues that disrupt the ear’s natural defenses. Common causes include:
- Ear mites
- Bacterial or yeast overgrowth
- Allergies to food or environment
- Foreign objects such as grass seeds
- Excessive ear wax or moisture
- Polyp or tumor in the ear canal
- Previous trauma or chronic ear disease
- Immune suppression or systemic illness
Kittens and cats with a history of ear mites are especially prone to secondary infections.
🔍 Diagnosis
Diagnosing an ear infection involves examining the ear canal and identifying the type of infection.
Your vet may perform:
- Otoscope exam to look for redness, swelling, or discharge
- Ear swab and cytology to check for bacteria, yeast, or mites under the microscope
- Culture and sensitivity testing in recurrent or severe cases
- Imaging or advanced diagnostics if the middle or inner ear is involved
- Allergy testing or dietary trials if symptoms are recurrent
Prompt and accurate diagnosis improves treatment success.
💊 Treatment
Treatment depends on the cause and severity of the infection. Common approaches include:
- Ear cleaning to remove debris and discharge
- Topical ear drops containing antibiotics, antifungals, or steroids
- Oral medications in more advanced cases
- Pain relief if the ear is inflamed or tender
- Treatment for underlying causes such as allergies, mites, or polyps
- Follow up exams to monitor healing
Your vet may recommend daily at-home treatments and rechecks to confirm the infection has fully resolved.
🩺 Prognosis
Most ear infections clear with proper treatment:
- Mild infections often resolve in one to two weeks
- Chronic or deep infections may take longer and need additional care
- Inner ear infections can cause lasting effects if not treated early
Addressing the underlying cause is the key to preventing recurrence.
💡 Cat Owner Note
Ear infections may not look like much at first, just a little scratching or head shaking. But left untreated, they can become painful and even affect your cat’s balance or hearing. The good news is, most infections are easy to treat once you catch them.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions About Ear Infections in Cats
Can ear infections go away on their own?
Rarely. Most infections need treatment with medicated drops or oral medication.
Are ear infections in cats serious?
They can be. Left untreated, they may spread to the middle or inner ear, causing balance problems or hearing loss.
What is the difference between ear mites and an ear infection?
Ear mites cause dark debris and itching, while infections often involve bacteria or yeast and produce discharge and odor. A vet exam can tell the difference.
Can cats get ear infections from allergies?
Yes. Allergies can cause inflammation and wax buildup that make infections more likely.
Is ear cleaning safe for cats?
Yes, if done properly with vet approved cleaners. Do not use cotton swabs deep in the ear canal.
How can I prevent future ear infections?
Regular ear checks, managing allergies, and prompt treatment of mites or debris help prevent infections from returning.