What It Is
Chronic Kidney Disease in cats (CKD) is one of the most common conditions affecting older felines. It happens when the kidneys gradually lose their ability to filter waste from the blood. Over time, this leads to a buildup of toxins in the body, which causes a range of symptoms that worsen without treatment.
CKD is progressive and cannot be cured, but with early diagnosis and proper management, cats can live comfortably for months or even years.
🐾 Common Symptoms
CKD often develops slowly, and early signs may be easy to miss. The most common symptoms include:
- Increased thirst (polydipsia)
- Increased urination (polyuria)
- Weight loss
- Poor appetite
- Vomiting
- Lethargy
- Dehydration
- Bad breath (sometimes ammonia-like)
- Unkempt coat
- Muscle wasting
- Mouth ulcers (in later stages)
🦠 Causes
CKD has many potential causes, including:
- Aging (most common in cats over 7 years old)
- Genetics (some breeds like Persians and Abyssinians are more prone)
- Kidney infections
- High blood pressure
- Toxin exposure (e.g., lilies, antifreeze, certain meds)
- Urinary blockages
- Polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
In many cases, the exact cause is unknown.
🔍 Diagnosis
Your vet will use blood and urine tests to assess kidney function.
Typical diagnostic tools:
- Bloodwork (elevated BUN and creatinine levels)
- Urinalysis (low urine concentration is an early sign)
- SDMA test (detects kidney decline earlier than traditional tests)
- Blood pressure measurement
- Ultrasound or X-rays (to look for structural changes)
CKD is usually staged (1–4) based on severity, following IRIS guidelines.
💊 Treatment
CKD treatment focuses on slowing disease progression, managing symptoms, and improving quality of life.
Common treatments include:
- Prescription kidney diet (low in phosphorus and protein)
- Subcutaneous fluids (to prevent dehydration)
- Phosphorus binders
- Anti-nausea medications (e.g., Cerenia)
- Appetite stimulants (e.g., mirtazapine)
- Blood pressure meds (if hypertension is present)
- Potassium supplements (if levels are low)
Regular bloodwork and checkups help your vet adjust treatment as the disease progresses.
🩺 Prognosis
CKD is not curable, but it is manageable, especially when caught early. Many cats live for 1–3+ years after diagnosis with good care. Some survive much longer with close monitoring and a committed owner.
Stage 1 or 2 CKD may not significantly impact a cat’s daily life, while stage 3 or 4 requires more intensive management and close monitoring.
💡 Cat Owner Note
A CKD diagnosis can feel overwhelming, but it doesn’t have to mean goodbye. Many cats continue to enjoy life, snuggles, sunshine naps, and all, with the right care. Your vet is your partner in this journey, and you’ve got options.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions About Kidney Disease in Cats
Can CKD be reversed in cats?
No. Chronic kidney disease is not reversible, but it can be managed effectively to slow progression and reduce symptoms.
What’s the difference between acute and chronic kidney disease?
Acute kidney injury happens suddenly and may be reversible with treatment. Chronic kidney disease develops over time and is permanent.
What is the life expectancy for a cat with CKD?
It depends on the stage and response to treatment. Some cats live 2–4 years or more, especially if diagnosed early and treated consistently.
Is a special diet necessary?
Yes. Prescription kidney diets are clinically proven to extend lifespan and improve quality of life. They’re low in protein and phosphorus.
Can I give fluids at home?
Yes. Many owners learn to give subcutaneous fluids at home with guidance from their vet. It’s a common and effective way to support hydration.
Is CKD painful for cats?
Not usually, but nausea, dehydration, and mouth ulcers can be uncomfortable. Proper treatment helps manage these symptoms and keep your cat comfortable.
What causes CKD in older cats?
Often, it’s simply age-related wear and tear on the kidneys. Other causes include infections, high blood pressure, toxins, and genetic factors.